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By the 1980s nationalism and political philosophies had failed the former Islamic world of the Middle East. Into this vacuum stepped Islamic extremist ideologies pushed in different manners by the rulers of the Shia and Sunni branches of Islam.

This is part 3 in JB Shreve and the End of History’s series on the history of Islamic extremism – Killers in the Name of God.

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JB Shreve is the author of "How the World Ends: Understanding the Growing Chaos." He has been the host of the End of History podcast since 2012. He has degrees in International Relations and Middle East Studies. His other books include the Intelligence Brief Series. Regular posts and updates from JB Shreve are available at www.theendofhistory.net